Understanding Tax Identification Numbers in Switzerland: TIN, UID and VAT ID

Understanding tax identification numbers in Switzerland and wider Europe is crucial for individuals and businesses navigating the country’s tax system. Each type of tax ID—whether the personal Tax Identification Number (TIN), the Company Identification Number (UID), or the VAT Identification Number (VAT ID)—serves a distinct purpose, ensuring proper tax compliance domestically and internationally. This article provides a comprehensive overview of these identifiers, their uses, and how they contribute to both administrative efficiency and international tax transparency in Switzerland.

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Highlights

  • The personal tax ID (TIN) in Switzerland is the AHV number for tax purposes
  • The company identification number (UID) is used to uniquely identify companies
  • The value added tax number (VAT number) is based on the UID and is used for tax obligations
  • The UID simplifies the administration and tax identification of companies in Switzerland
  • Swiss companies require an EU VAT ID for intra-Community transactions

Content

  • Understanding Tax Identification Numbers in Switzerland: TIN, UID and VAT ID
  • Highlights & content
  • Overview of tax identification numbers in Switzerland
  • What is the personal tax ID (TIN)?
  • Company identification number (UID)
  • Value Added Tax Number (VAT Number)
  • Summary of Differences Between Tax ID, UID, and VAT Number
  • Unsure about tax identification numbers in Switzerland? Nexova is here to guide.
  • FAQ
  • Trusted by over 150 companies
  • That’s what our customers say

Overview of tax identification numbers in Switzerland

Tax identification numbers are essential for uniquely identifying individuals, companies, and other legal entities for tax and administrative purposes, and for the International Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI).

While everything from a person’s address to their name can be legally changed, their tax identification number remains the same. This helps the authorities, both domestically and internationally, accurately track and assign relevant financial transactions to the right person or legal entity.

In Switzerland, there are three main types of tax IDs:

  1. Personal tax number: Known simply as the Steueridentifikation (Steuer-ID) in German and the Tax Identification Number (TIN) in English, this number is used to identify individuals for personal tax purposes.
  2. Company identification number (UID): A universal identification number assigned to businesses for all national administrative and tax purposes in Switzerland.
  3. Value Added Tax Number (VAT Number): Specifically used to identify companies that are subject to VAT in Switzerland.

Each of these numbers serves a distinct role in Switzerland’s tax system. Let’s explore each of them in detail.

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What is the personal tax ID (TIN)?

The steueridentifikation (Steuer-ID), or tax identification number (TIN), is a unique number assigned to natural persons residing in Switzerland, for administrative and personal tax purposes.

What is the tax ID used for?

The primary purpose of the TIN is to uniquely identify individuals residing in Switzerland for tax reporting and various administrative processes related to pensions and social security. The TIN also helps facilitate smooth international automatic exchange of information (AEOI) and thus enhances global tax compliance.

Specifically, the TIN is used in the following contexts:

  • Filing income tax returns with Swiss authorities
  • Facilitating identification for tax audits and assessments
  • Reporting income from employment or financial institutions
  • Linking individuals to their contributions and benefits under old-age and survivors’ insurance schemes (AHV/IV/EO)
  • Participating in international tax agreements, such as the Automatic Exchange of Information (AEOI), which allows Swiss authorities to share financial information with other countries to prevent tax evasion

How is the tax ID assigned and where can it be found?

In Switzerland, the personal tax ID corresponds to a person’s social insurance (AHV) number. This is assigned to natural persons shortly after their birth if they are born and live in Switzerland, and never changes from that day forward.

Foreign-born nationals who become tax residents of Switzerland receive their tax ID when they register with the Swiss tax authorities.

As the tax ID remains the same throughout a taxpayer’s life, and corresponds to their AHV number, it can easily be found in the following ways:

  • From their employer if they are in a full-time employment relationship,
  • Their health insurance card if they are insured in Switzerland,
  • From the compensation fund.

How is the tax ID constructed?

The AHV number (or TIN) in Switzerland consists of 13 digits separated by three dots. It is structured as follows:

  1. Digits 1 – 3: The first three digits represent the country code, which is “756” for Swiss AHV numbers.
  2. Digits 4 – 12: The next nine digits are randomly generated, and therefore contain no personal information of the individual.
  3. Digit 13: The final digit is a check digit calculated using the EAN-13 system. This is computed based on a specific mathematical formula that checks for data entry errors.

Here is an example of what the tax identification number looks like:

756.3210.9876.06

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Company identification number (UID)

Where individuals are assigned a tax ID, companies and legal entities in Switzerland are assigned a uniform company identification number (UID). The UID is used to uniquely and permanently identify companies in all their interactions with authorities. Since 2011, this number has replaced all previous identification numbers used in public administration, such as the VAT number and commercial register number.

What is the UID number used for?

The UID is the universal identification number for businesses in Switzerland. It is used not only for tax purposes but across all national administrative and legal processes, making it a key component of a company’s interactions with Swiss authorities.

It serves multiple purposes, including:

  • Identifying companies in all administrative, legal, and tax-related interactions with authorities
  • Managing transactions with federal agencies, customs, and tax authorities
  • Facilitating business registration and cross-sector operations
  • Serving as the base identifier for VAT-related activities, especially for domestic tax compliance

In essence, the UID simplifies communication between businesses and the Swiss government by consolidating various identification systems under one unified number.

How is the UID allocated and to who?

The UID is automatically assigned to all companies registered in any Swiss administrative register linked to the UID system. These registers include, for instance, the AHV compensation fund, the commercial register, and the VAT register.

The term “company” is broadly defined within the UID system, encompassing not only traditional businesses (e.g., corporations, partnerships, and sole proprietorships) but also non-profit organizations such as foundations, associations, and public law entities, as well as foreign businesses operating within the country.

The UID ensures that each entity has a unique identifier for tax and administrative purposes. Even if a business engages in multiple sectors or activities, it will retain a single UID, which is used consistently across all its operations. In the public sector, municipalities and cantons are also assigned their own UIDs, as are the federal government, its departments, and federal offices.

What information does the UID register contain?

The UID register contains essential information on all companies and legal entities with a UID number in Switzerland. The data includes:

  • The company name,
  • The registered domicile address,
  • The legal form of the entity,
  • VAT and commercial register entries if applicable,
  • The legal status (active, in liquidation, etc.)

This information is publicly accessible and can be found through the UID register online. The UID ensures transparency and simplifies business administration.

How is the UID number constructed?

The UID is a nine-digit number formatted as “CHE-123.456.789”. The “CHE” prefix signifies that it is a Swiss identifier, followed by nine digits that are randomly assigned. The number may be written without the hyphen and dots, although it is generally preferred to include them. The UID remains the same for the life of the company and serves as a core identifier for all tax, legal, and administrative purposes.

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Value Added Tax Number (VAT Number)

The Value Added Tax Number (VAT Number) is specifically intended for companies that are subject to value-added tax in Switzerland. It is based on the Company Identification Number (UID) and is used to handle VAT obligations within Switzerland.

What is the VAT Number used for?

The VAT Number is particularly used to facilitate the processing and collection of VAT domestically by uniquely identifying companies registered for VAT. The VAT Number serves the following purposes:

  • Assistance in collecting VAT on behalf of the Swiss authorities when selling goods or services.
  • Reclaiming VAT on eligible business expenses.
  • Facilitating accounting and reporting related to VAT.

For companies operating in Switzerland, the VAT Number is essential to ensure compliance with national tax laws.

When is the VAT Number assigned and how is it structured?

The VAT Number is automatically assigned to companies by the Federal Tax Administration (FTA) as soon as they register for VAT. In Switzerland, companies are generally required to register for VAT if their annual turnover exceeds CHF 100,000.

Important Notes:

  • Exemptions: Certain activities may be exempt from VAT obligations.
  • Foreign Companies: Companies based abroad that provide services in Switzerland must register for VAT under certain conditions, regardless of turnover.
  • Voluntary Registration: Companies with lower turnover can voluntarily register for VAT.

The Swiss VAT Number is based on the UID and is formatted as follows: CHE-123.456.789 MWST.

Important Difference Between the VAT Number in Switzerland and the VAT Identification Number in the EU

In Switzerland, the Value Added Tax Number (VAT Number) is used to identify companies that provide services subject to VAT. This number is based on the Company Identification Number (UID) and is used to manage VAT obligations within Switzerland.

In the European Union, on the other hand, the VAT Identification Number is used to uniquely identify companies for intra-community transactions. However, the designation of this number varies from country to country:

  • Germany: USt-IdNr. (Umsatzsteuer-Identifikationsnummer)
  • Austria: UID-Nummer (Umsatzsteuer-Identifikationsnummer)
  • Other EU Countries: Designations like VAT Number, VAT Identification Number, NIF (Número de Identificación Fiscal), etc.

Key Points:

  • Validity and Recognition: The Swiss VAT Number is not recognized in the EU as a valid VAT Identification Number. Therefore, Swiss companies cannot use their VAT Number for intra-community supplies or services within the EU.
  • Applying for an EU VAT Identification Number: Swiss companies conducting VAT-taxable business in the EU must register for VAT in the respective EU member state. They will receive a local VAT Identification Number of the respective country.
  • Use of the Term “USt-ID” in Switzerland: Although the term “USt-ID” is specifically used in Germany, it is less common in Switzerland. In Switzerland, the official term is the Value Added Tax Number (VAT Number). However, due to close economic ties with Germany, the term “USt-ID” may be known in Switzerland, especially in cross-border trade.

Note for Swiss Companies:

If you, as a Swiss company, wish to conduct business within the EU, you may need to register for VAT in one or more EU countries and apply for a corresponding VAT Identification Number of the respective country. This allows you to comply with EU VAT regulations and entitles you, under certain conditions, to benefit from VAT exemption for intra-community supplies.

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Summary of Differences Between Tax ID, UID, and VAT Number

Below is a brief overview of the key differences between the three tax identifiers we have examined in Switzerland:

  • Personal Tax Identification Number (TIN): A 13-digit number assigned to individuals for personal tax purposes, mainly used for income tax returns, social security, and international tax reports.
  • Company Identification Number (UID): A nine-digit number assigned to companies, used for all national administrative, legal, and tax interactions.
  • Value Added Tax Number (VAT Number): An extension of the UID with the specific suffix “MWST”, required for handling VAT obligations within Switzerland.

While the TIN is used by individuals, the UID and VAT Number apply to companies, with the VAT Number specifically relating to VAT obligations within Switzerland.

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Unsure about tax identification numbers in Switzerland? Nexova is here to guide.

Understanding Switzerland’s tax system can be challenging, especially when dealing with various tax identification numbers. Whether you are an individual looking to understand your tax obligations or a business managing both UID and VAT compliance, Nexova’s team of tax and accounting experts can provide comprehensive guidance. We are here to ensure that your tax affairs are in order and fully compliant with Swiss and international regulations.

Contact us today to learn more about how we can ensure you stay on top of your taxes and maximize your savings!

FAQ

Answers at a click

What is AEIO?

AEIO (also abbreviated as AIA) stands for the Automatic Exchange of Information, a system that allows tax authorities from different countries to exchange financial information about taxpayers. Switzerland participates in the AEIO to ensure transparency and prevent tax evasion. The TIN is used to track individuals under the AEIO.

How do you find your tax ID?

Individuals can find their TIN on official tax documents such as tax returns or correspondence from Swiss tax authorities. It can also be found on their health insurance card, from their full-time employer, or from the compensation office.
Businesses can access their UID and VAT ID via registration documents or through the UID register online.

Do foreign companies need a UID?

Yes, foreign companies operating in Switzerland receive a UID to comply with Swiss tax regulations. The UID is automatically assigned to them as soon as they register with a competent authority, for example in the commercial register or with the Federal Tax Administration. This is necessary regardless of turnover if they provide certain services or make deliveries.

When is a VAT Identification Number mandatory?

A Value Added Tax Number (VAT Number) is mandatory for companies with an annual turnover exceeding CHF 100,000 from taxable services in Switzerland. Companies with lower turnover can voluntarily register for VAT. Foreign companies providing services in Switzerland must register under certain conditions, regardless of turnover.

Which tax identification numbers do legal entities need in Switzerland?

Legal entities, i.e. companies and other legalentities (legal entities), receive a company identification number (UID) in Switzerland. This number serves as the central Swiss tax ID and is issued by the tax administration. By law , the UID is required for all administrative and tax matters. It enables the company to be clearly identified to the authorities and simplifies tax processes. The UID is assigned automatically when a company is founded or registered.

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